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NEW QUESTION # 282
An analyst would most likely increase a company's discount rate if the company:
Answer: C
Explanation:
If a company faces significant environmental litigation, an analyst would likely increase the discount rate to account for the higher risk and uncertainty. Litigation can result in financial penalties, operational disruptions, and reputational damage, all of which could negatively impact future cash flows.ESG Reference: Chapter 7, Page 361 - ESG Analysis, Valuation & Integration in the ESG textbook.
NEW QUESTION # 283
Which of the following refers to a network where investors engage with the world's largest corporate emitters of greenhouse emissions?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Climate Action 100+ is a global investor initiative aimed at engaging with the world's largest corporate emitters to curb greenhouse gas emissions and improve governance on climate-related issues. (ESGTextBook
[PallasCatFin], Chapter 3, Page 153)
NEW QUESTION # 284
The divergence of ratings among ESG providers most likely.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The divergence of ratings among ESG providers most likely hampers the ambition of companies to improve their ESG performance. Here's why:
Mixed Signals:
Companies receive mixed signals from different ESG rating agencies due to the lack of standardization in ESG ratings. This can create confusion and uncertainty about which actions will be valued by the market, making it challenging for companies to prioritize and implement effective ESG strategies .
The inconsistency in ratings can demotivate companies from pursuing ESG improvements if they are unsure which criteria to meet.
Challenges in Empirical Research:
While divergence in ratings poses challenges for empirical research and can affect the reflection of ESG performance in asset prices, the primary issue for companies is the confusion and lack of clear guidance on how to improve their ESG performance effectively .
CFA ESG Investing References:
The CFA Institute's ESG curriculum addresses the challenges posed by the lack of standardization in ESG ratings, emphasizing the need for consistent and clear criteria to guide companies in their ESG efforts and ensure meaningful improvements .
NEW QUESTION # 285
Which of the following would most likely be the initial step when drafting a client's investment mandate?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The initial step when drafting a client's investment mandate is most likely clarifying the client's ESG investment beliefs. This step is fundamental in ensuring that the investment strategy aligns with the client's values and objectives.
Step-by-Step Explanation:
Defining Investment Beliefs:
Clarifying the client's ESG investment beliefs involves understanding their values, priorities, and objectives related to ESG issues. This step is crucial to tailor the investment strategy to the client's specific needs and preferences.
According to the CFA Institute, establishing a clear understanding of the client's ESG beliefs helps in setting the framework for the overall investment approach and ensures alignment with their long-term goals.
Creating a Statement of Investment Principles:
This involves drafting a Statement of Investment Principles (SIP) that outlines the client's ESG beliefs and how these will be integrated into the investment strategy. The SIP serves as a guiding document for the investment manager.
The CFA Institute emphasizes that a well-defined SIP provides clarity and direction, ensuring that ESG considerations are consistently applied in investment decisions.
Operational Implementation:
Once the client's ESG beliefs are clarified, the next steps involve defining how ESG performance will be measured and reflected operationally in the fund manager's approach. However, these steps come after the initial clarification of beliefs.
The Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) report suggests that aligning investment mandates with client beliefs and strategies is essential for effective ESG integration across asset classes.
Ensuring Alignment:
Ensuring that the client's ESG beliefs are accurately reflected in the investment approach requires continuous engagement and review. This helps in maintaining alignment with the client's evolving objectives and market conditions.
The CFA Institute notes that ongoing dialogue and review processes are vital to ensure that the investment strategy remains aligned with the client's ESG beliefs and delivers on their expectations.
References:
CFA Institute, "Environmental, Social, and Governance Issues in Investing: A Guide for Investment Professionals." Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) reports on aligning investment mandates with ESG beliefs.
NEW QUESTION # 286
A company has an audit contract with one Big Four firm and non-audit contracts with two other Big Four firms. Which scenario is most likely to materialize when the company rotates its auditors?
Answer: A
Explanation:
When a company rotates auditors but has non-audit contracts with two other Big Four firms, there is a reduced level of competition for audit services. This is because the remaining firms may be restricted from taking the audit role due to conflicts of interest. As a result, the selection process may not be fully competitive, leading to a "sub-optimal level of competition." Regulatory frameworks, such as the EU Audit Reform and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, encourage audit firm rotation to enhance independence and objectivity. However, conflicts from existing advisory relationships can limit viable audit candidates.
References:
EU Audit Reform (Regulation 537/2014)
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) Section 201 on Auditor Independence
International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) Guidelines on Auditor Rotation
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NEW QUESTION # 287
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